Personal immunity accorded to a public official from liability to anyone injured by actions that are the consequence of exerting official authority WordNet 3.0 & Open English WordNet

Legal immunity, or immunity from prosecution, is a legal status wherein an individual or entity cannot be held liable for a violation of the law, in order to facilitate societal aims that outweigh the value of imposing liability in such cases. Wikipedia

The concept of a person or entity being immune from legal liability due to a special status Wikipedia Disambiguation